do psa help reduce distracted driving incidents

Another limitation described in prior research is that, although fear appeals seem to elicit viewers attention, their capacity to induce real behavioral change in individuals is debatable ( Rogers, 1983 For instance, The male adolescents in their sample expressed the opinion that others would be more affected by the advertisements than they would be; females, on the other hand, expressed reverse third-person effects in that they believed the advertisements influenced themselves more than other people (p. 48). Can a PSA help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents? National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. This lighthearted PSA doesnt need a graphic car crash to make its point. Dahl, Frankenberger, & Manchanda, 2003 claim that threatening advertisements have been widely used in the social marketing of road safety (p. 48). 2.3. ). Finally, a main limitation was that reported intentions might not fully and accurately determine actual behavior in people. Copyright 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. Distracted drivers arent just a threat to themselves: theyre a danger to everyone else on the road. To learn if behavioral change actually occurs, study subjects could be involved in follow-up research with a qualitative research methodology. Thus, the present study will restrict participants to both males and females between the ages of 18 and 24. These questionnaires were removed from the sample. Hastings, Stead, & Webb, 2004 What makes PSAs effective? They may have paused for a bit, but they have since resumed. 10.4236/ajc.2015.34008, Exploring the Effectiveness of Distracted Driving PSA (Public Service Announcement), 1School of Journalism & Mass Communication, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA, 2Department of Media & Communication, Sungkonghoe University, Seoul, South Korea. ). Comprehensive GDL systems include five components 8-9, one of which addresses distracted driving: the young passenger restriction. It may create a number of awkward social situations but it could lead to safer drivers (at least when theres someone in the passenger seat). This study focused specifically on the distracted behavior of text messaging while driving. Many anti-distraction ads show cinematic, slow-motion car crashes to convey the danger of taking your eyes off the road. After all completed surveys were collected, it was determined that seven of the surveys either had incomplete responses or belonged to respondents out of the 18 - 24 age bracket. PSAs are effective in reducing driving incidents, they allow watchers to see for themselves the dreadful impacts of texting and driving, PSAs convince and remind the watcher to not text and drive at the same time. The majority of respondents (76.5%) responded that they had never seen the PSA before, which supported the researchers initial reasoning to select the particular PSA for the study. Can A PSA Help Reduce the Number of Distracted Driving Incidents? ; The researcher first wanted to know how many individuals in the sample had previously seen the PSA used in the present study. Efforts to stop people from texting while driving are not working, as shown by the numbers. Since their son's death, Bob and Eilene Okerblom have become advocates against distracted driving, and Bob is currently biking cross-country to raise awareness. SOLUTION: 7.04 write argumentative essay - Studypool U Text. Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010 Over half of the students perceived the PSA as believable and thought it would be beneficial to air on television. These individuals are more susceptible to media influence and are also more . Qualifying questions were included to ensure that subjects fit into the sample criteria of students aged 18 - 24 attending Texas State University. RQ 2 explored what, if any, differences exist between males and females with regard to their response after viewing the PSA. This study did have its limitations. ). Can a PSA help reduce the number of distracted driving incid Given the pervasiveness of handheld technology in our society, there has been growing concern about the risks involved with using such devices, specifically cell phones, while operating a vehicle. Overall, students expressed the opinion that the PSA was believable and somewhat useful for preventing texting while driving. In 2013, 3,154 people were killed in motor vehicle crashes which involved distracted drivers. Amos Johnson Asheville, North CarolinaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcRTwKminbQOn May 10, 2010, 16-year-old Ashley Johnson was killed when she lost control of her vehicle, crossed the center line, and hit a pickup truck head-on. They were: more likely to not always wear a seat belt; more likely to ride with a driver who had been drinking alcohol; and. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Another theory commonly referenced in the past literature is the Third-Person Effect. Distracted Driving - We Save Lives If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Nicholson & Xiao, 2011: p. 2529 Beyond just debating its efficacy, past research has also considered what ethical issues can arise from the use of fear-based appeals in social marketing. Laurie Hevier St. Paul, MinnesotaWATCH: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pHBWyUQxx4On April 15, 2009, 58-year-old Julie Davis set off for a hike with her best friend in Rudolph, Wisconsin. A 30-second PSA against distracted driving from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration served as the independent variable. Previous research has looked at the ways in which fear is used and the effectiveness of doing so ( Schoenbachler & Whittler, 1996 Distracted Driving 3,142 Number of people killed by distracted driving in 2020 Source U Drive. the American public) to behave in a way that is socially desirable ( Among these younger drivers, 9% of them were distracted at the time of the crash. Yet, the present study did not find support for the third-person effect. Its a great visual example of how even a quick glance away from the road can lead to a potentially serious incident. The national distracted driving effort focuses on ways to change the behavior of drivers through legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and education. The present study aims to examine the effectiveness of a public service announcement against distracted driving on a convenience sample of college students attending Texas State University. 974- 975, http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532754xjprr0703_03, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.02.006, https://www.marketingscales.com/sites/default/files/v6sample.pdf, http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.56.2.181-184, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021849903030332, http://search.proquest.com/docview/220130827?accountid=5683, http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000002548, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2006.05.001, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2011.531124, http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769900508200103, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1996.10673511, http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.187179. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Crash reconstruction reports showed the driver could not have been looking at the road for 8.75 seconds. Emily Reynolds, Cady's 17-year-old sister, is now an advocate against distracted driving and is an active member of NOYS, the National Organizations for Youth Safety. If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. This campaign is aimed at teen drivers to help reduce the risks of distracted driving-related car accidents in Massachusetts and elsewhere, according to Consumer Reports. Lewis, Watson and Tay (2007) As they run over a whole bunch of pylons, the distracted drivers exclaim in frustration, I cant do it! and People will be killed on the road.. ). In their review of numerous studies that have utilized fear appeals, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Discover human factors management solutions that effectively address human error, conquer common injury challenges and improve safety engagement. 1.6 million crashes are caused by cell phone use while driving. 7.09 distracted driving.docx - 07.09 ASSIGNMENT - Course Hero Cramer, Mayer and Ryan (2007) . This study has implications for social marketers and public safety organizations. The goal behind this strategy is grounded in the notion that fear makes individuals feel tense and anxious, thus they will seek ways to reduce these feelings ( Distraction can be broken down into three overarching types. To honor her memory, Casey's family and friends produced their own video for the U.S. Department of Transportation's "Faces of Distracted Driving" series. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. ). Distracted driving is defined as, any non-driving activity a person engages in that has the potential to distract him or her from the primary task of driving and increase the risk of crashing ( ). Lewis, Watson, & Tay, 2007: p. 49 Brennan & Binney, 2010 ). National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Chaudhary, N.K., Casanova-Powell, T.D., Cosgrove, L., Reagan, I., & Williams, A. ). Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010: p. 95 Drivers have also been issued citations for texting and driving or engaging in another distracting activity while driving, and 9 out of 10 have continued to do so. Official websites use .govA .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Hastings, Stead, & Webb, 2004: p. 975 Most driving incidents comes from drivers being distracted. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 7.09: Can a PSA Help Reduce the Number of Distracted Driving In addition, some researchers believe that explicit, fear-arousing content in social marketing is not very effectual on their target audience because todays youth have had much greater exposure than previous generations to graphic images and other fear messages ( ; Brennan & Binney, 2010 RQ 2: Do responses to the PSA differ according to gender? Judy Teater is a founding board member of FocusDriven, the first national nonprofit organization devoted specifically to raising awareness about the dangers of distracted driving. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. The distractions comes from text messages, phone calls and radio. 10 CDC's GDL Planning Guide PSA (Public Service Announcement), Districted Driving, Third-Person Effect. Another chi-square test was run for gender and intention to speak up when another driver is texting. As the NSC points out, drivers53% of thembelieve if manufacturers put infotainment dashboards and hands-free technology in vehicles, they must be safe. However, debate over the effectiveness of these tactics as well as controversy about the extreme graphic content sometimes found in the ads still exists. Despite the popular use of fear appeals in social marketing, and especially in road safety advertising, inconsistent opinions remain regarding the effectiveness of this strategy ( There is an app called "OnMyWay", that will pay a person five cents for every mile they drive without going on their phone. Joe died the next day from his injuries. A Public Service Announcement does have the ability to reduce the number of distracted driving incidents by bringing the population's attention to the issue. The modal classification within the dataset was Junior, with 41.2% of respondents belonging to that category. All Rights Reserved, National Sheriffs' Educational Foundation, Domestic Violence & Crime Victim Services, Inmate Health Care & Recidivism Task Force, National Law Enforcement Center on Animal Abuse, NSA Crisis Management & Communication Training, Occupant Protection/Child Passenger Safety. SOLUTION: 7.06 write argumentative essay - Studypool In line with this research, ). ; 55-56 She was cited for inattentive driving and fined $173.40. The absurdity of texting while kissing or during yoga makes you question why texting while driving would be any different. There are three main types of distraction:2, Sources: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2010-2013external icon, 20142018external iconand 2019external icon. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It focuses on Josh, a driver who likes to text and watch movies while behind the wheel. 11 Distracted Driving Awareness Commercials and PSAs Veuillez choisir votre rgion These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Intentions to engage in distracted driving were measured by asking students to rate their agreement or disagreement regarding the likelihood that they would text while driving and speak up when they were passengers with a driver who is texting. 7.02 eng.pdf - Can a Public Service Announcement PSA help reduce the The Affective Response (General) Scale by Essentially, the theory posits that individuals will experience four processes when they are exposed to a threatening message: they evaluate how severe the threat is to them, the likelihood that the threat will affect them, how to eliminate or manage the threat, and whether they are able to perform the actions necessary to cope with the threat ( Schoenbachler and Whittler (1996) ). Don't drive blind Watch on "Thank You" This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. believe that these types of advertisements are useful to society because they promote individuals to consider others and act in their best interest. Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010 The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Seeing as both males and females have the capacity to engage in distracted driving and they are both included in the target audience of PSAs designed to discourage such behavior, it is reasonable to study how each gender responds to the social marketing messages they encounter. Its a powerful statement: children learn behavior from parents and its up to adults to be good role models while driving. Distracted driving is a leading cause of car accidents in the country. The U.S. Department of Transportations Faces of Distracted Driving video series shines a light on the tragic consequences of texting and cell phone use while driving. The 30-second PSA, Get the Message, features clips from people from across the country who lost loved ones in distracted driving crashes and have spoken out through the U.S. Department of Transportations Faces of Distracted Driving campaign. The questionnaire was comprised of dichotomous (yes/no) questions to obtain background information, as well as Likert scale questions in which respondents indicated their level of agreement or disagreement regarding perceptions of the PSA, and demographic items. Still, some positive benefits have been found to exist from using fear-based or shocking content within advertisements. The response to their heartbreaking stories has been overwhelming and their efforts to build public awareness are helping to save lives. Responses were analyzed to gauge the effectiveness of the PSA and look for the presence of gender differences and the third-person effect within the sample. An official website of the United States government Here's how you know. The goal of the ad is to elicit fear and compliance into the audience by insinuating that they, too, could have a vehicle wreck on the road if they use their cell phones while driving. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety tracks. What Kills More People Drunk Driving Or Texting And Driving? The 30-second PSA, Get the Message, features clips from people who lost loved ones in distracted driving crashes and have spoken out through the U.S. Department of Transports Faces of Distracted Driving campaign. Theres a number of them out there, and they range from funny takes on our inability to multitask to heartbreaking interviews with car crash victims. ; ; You can visit the National Highway Traffic Safety Administrationexternal icon(NHTSA) website for more information on how data on motor vehicle crash deaths are collected and the limitations of distracted driving data. Lewis, Watson, Tay amd White (2007) Cady was rushed to the hospital with critical injuries and died the next day. Get the facts, get involved, and help us keep America's roads safe. Half the screen shows the driver and the other half shows the road. LaTour and Zahras (1989) The present study lacked a pre-test to compare students initial opinions to those after viewing the PSA. Drinking coffee or another beverage. Relationship between Gender and Response to Fear Appeals. When asked to rate their agreement on the statement, It is less dangerous to read text messages while driving than to write them, a slight majority (34.3%) reported that they strongly disagree. About 1 in 5 of the people who died in crashes involving a distracted driver in 2019 were not in vehiclesthey were walking, riding their bikes, or otherwise outside a vehicle. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Margay's mother, Elissa Schee, is a founding board member of FocusDriven, the first national nonprofit organization devoted specifically to raising awareness about the dangers of distracted driving. ). ). The ad discourages distracted driving by portraying three different drivers, each using a cellular telephone while driving, in what appears to be an everyday American setting. Argument OrganizerChoose one of the following questions to answer for the argument essay in this module.Does our state do enough to prevent distracted driving?orCan a Public Service Announcement (PSA) help reduce the number of distracted driving incidents?Part OneWrite the claim you will present in your argument essay.Write the counterclaim that you will refute in your argument essay. Lewis, Watson, Tay and White (2007) Students who texted or emailed while driving were also more likely to report other transportation risk behaviors. Second, this age group appears to be at the greatest risk, at least statistically, of being involved in a distracted- driving car crash ( Bruner, 2009: p. 15 Dahl, Frankenberger. ). Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Can A Psa Help Reduce The Number Of Distracted Driving Incidents Claim According to a study posted on toddminerlaw's website it states that research hasshown that Florida is the second worst state in the us for distracted driving. In the United States, over 3,100 people were killed and about 424,000 were injured in crashes involving a distracted driver in 2019. In other words, one could argue that this cohort has been desensitized. Nine people in the United States are killed every day in crashes that are reported to involve a distracted driver.1. define a fear appeal as a persuasive communication attempting to arouse fear, promoting precautionary motivation and self-protective action (p. 97). Our safety resources give you the knowledge and stories you need to manage human factorsand wont find anywhere else. ). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". U Pay. ). argument_organizer4.rtf - Argument Organizer Choose one of Some studies have shown that even more graphic appeals, such. The questionnaire focused mainly on the behavior of texting while driving because, according to the NHTSA, 2011 Schoenbachler & Whittler, 1996: p. 52 Distracted Driving Car Accidents in California The statistics prove this: Nearly 60% of drivers in California say that they have been in an accident or nearly hit by a distracted driver. The students in this sample reported that they did text while driving even though most students (44.1%) strongly disagreed that the PSA made texting while driving seemed more dangerous than it actually was. Texting behind the wheel makes you 23 times more likely to crash, and reduces your reaction time by 35% A public service announcement wouldn't effectively reduce the amount of distracted drivers. Part . , it involves all three of the main distraction types mentioned previously. Texting while driving is 6 times more likely to get you in an crash than drunk driving. Lennon, Rentfro and OLeary (2010) Texting is just too common to be stopped with only a PSA. Part One Write the claim you will present in your argument essay. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of distracted driving come in all sizes, from government-run public awareness campaigns to guides for safety professionals on how to reduce distracted driving (and other types of distraction in the workplace) to reduce injuries and protect workers. However, males as a group appear less influenced by physical appeals intending to target them ( ). ). Loud music. analyzed college students responses to controversial AIDS prevention advertisements. Many government agencies and nonprofit organizations in the United States utilize social marketing; their prerogative is to induce those who view the advertisement (i.e. Lennon, Rentfro, & OLeary, 2010 Table 24 summarizes the self-reported information about the subjects' driving experiences. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2011) In their study of road safety advertisements, Dahl, Frankenberger, & Manchanda, 2003 That is, people tend to perceive that the medias greatest impact will not be on me or you but on themthe third persons ( Inform people, especially teenagers, on the fatal affects the victims and their families have received because of distracted driving. First, most previous research in this area has utilized young adults in their samples ( The researcher will analyze the survey data quantitatively to answer three research questions as follows: RQ 1: What is the impact of viewing an anti-distracted driving public service announcement on students perceptions and intent? This phenomenon is an important topic of study because it is prevalent in American society and can have grave consequences. To honor Alex's memory, her family Jeanne, Johnny Mac, and 12-year-old Katrina formed an anti-distracted driving advocacy group, the Remember Alex Brown Foundation. PSAs use ethos, pathos, and logos, which makes them effective. The national distracted driving effort focuses on ways to change the behavior of drivers through legislation, enforcement, public awareness, and education.
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