Using General Extrusion Operators to Model Rotation | COMSOL Blog I am also troubled by such a problem of time-dependent coordinates. Because the source and destination objects have different dimensions, affine transformations are impossible. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. Schematic diagram of COMSOL coupling with external code RMC. General Extrusions specializes in providing secondary fabrication operations to transition an aluminum extrusion to a finished component. But finally COMSOL basics is a PDE solver tool for a given subset of useful functions, of the type used for common physics (that fits in the global or coefficient form. listed if standards is not an option). The other option is to start with the already excavated geometry, and simulate the excavation using a boundary load. Phone: (330) 783 0270 Fax: (330) 788 1250 Email: sales@genext.com P.O. Second, I used the defined the Variable Disp three times as in the images above but with different values (with increments in the periodic direction specified) while the destination map setting had as input z-Disp as suggested above but I got the error Error in multiphysics compilation. Duplicate parameter/variable name. I have defined a general extrusion coupling operator to obtain the dependent variable (in my heat transfer case, the temperature "T") at a boundary. unfortunately, I get the following error. At any given time, the (x, y, z) coordinates of this point are given by: (0.5[in]*cos(t), 0.5[in]*sin(t), 2.75e-4[m]), where is the angular velocity of the rotating wafer disk. If you have already computed the solution to the finite element problem, then you can simply evaluate temperature at the destination points by clicking on the update solution option in the Study toolbar, or you can dynamically probe the variable genext1(T) evaluated at a point while you compute the solution to the finite element problem. Take a look at the figure below. General Extrusions is owned and run by the Schuler family. This time in the x direction and using the second general extrusion operator in the u0 field. Stay tuned! Good luck the destination map, not sure what the source frame should be. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. I will always remember a Geotechnical Engineering class I took during the pursuit of my Civil Engineering degree. Similarly, on side 2, we need access to the electric potential V_1 on the other side of the junction. In general, the destination map accepts scalar values that may be space- or time-dependent expressions. \frac{x_s}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x_s}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}) = \sqrt{x_d^2+y_d^2}. COMSOL Multiphysics(r) fan, retired, former "Senior Expert" at CSEM SA (CH), Topology Optimization Electric Motor: General extrusion, Accessing Nonlocal Variables with Linear Extrusion Operators, How to Compute Distances Between Objects in COMSOL Multiphysics, Galleria dei Modelli e delle App di Simulazione, 2023 da COMSOL. The General Extrusion coupling's 'Mesh search method' is very important for model performance in largers models #resolventtip: Get the best performance out your 'General Extrusion'-coupling in Comsol The General Extrusionoperator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Mapping of data defined on a cross section (left) around an axis of symmetry and into a volume (right). This will allow you to compare different cross-sectional data and evaluate measures such as maximum, minimum, and average over several cross sections. Left: Temperature varies linearly from left to right. To implement, define a General Extrusion operator on a boundary parallel to the xy-plane, with the z-expression blank for both the Source Map and a Destination Map. We need to provide T_d and T_s, such that. The plot below shows the graph for temperature evaluated at a point located 0.5 inches from the center of the rotating disk: Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. The destination map here consists of the transient coordinates where we would like to evaluate temperature. We want an operator that will copy from a point on the parabola to a point in the square, such that the distance of the destination point from the origin is equal to the length of the segment of the parabola between the origin and the source point. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. To do so, you can use General Extrusion operators to map the fields from the stator to the slider. For . Thank you. There are four sets of results showing the deformation of the soil and retaining wall, the plastic deformation, wall deflection, and the surface settlement. The materials have already been created and set up for this model. When this check box is left unchecked, COMSOL Multiphysics assumes that we have explicit expressions for each coordinate of the source as functions of coordinates of the destination. We begin by adding the General Extrusion coupling operator from the definitions toolbar as shown in the screenshot below: The parabola is the source. For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. Since there is no displacement in the y-direction, the y-expression is set at its default y. We have discussed how the General Extrusion component coupling can be used to set up a linear pattern of a periodic solution as part of a multiphysics analysis. For this example, we will be modeling in 2D plane strain, using the solid mechanics interface and a stationary study. For meshing the model, sometimes an automatic mesh is sufficient, but we want to make our own for this model to improve convergence on the soil-wall boundary. Within the original domain, a displacement of zero is used. Note that for axisymmetric components, variables can be viewed in 3D with a Revolution 2D data set in the Results node. comsol.com Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics, 2023 by COMSOL. Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Extrusion operators are used to identify which point in the source entity corresponds to a point in the destination entity. In 4.0a, I can define a general extrusion coupling, and the source domain is applies to. To apply what we have learned thus far, lets now build a diode model using the Electric Currents physics interface in COMSOL Multiphysics. In the Work plane list, select the work plane to extrude from. FIGURE 1. The working fluid is water with properties defined at room temperature and pressure. As in Example 1, we enter the expression on the right-hand side in the destination map. This variable should only exist on the . It contained both the high and low points for that academic semester; the lab portion was a lot of fun, learning about (read: playing with) the different soils and clays existing in the state of Georgia. I have the other model, where i would need this variable u, but this time, it is a 2D model, non time dependent. The approach we have applied here is appropriate for any instance in which a spatially repeating solution needs to be utilized by other physics. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Although it is not strictly necessary to do so, the mesh is copied from the one domain used to solve for the fluid flow to all of the other domains. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. In this model, a laser moves radially inwards and outwards over a silicon wafer that is rotating on its stage. Create a second plot group and surface plot, then enter in the expression solid.epe>0 to view the plastic deformation in the different soil layers. To evaluate the temperature at the destination coordinates, you can call the General Extrusion coupling operator with a temperature argument, as genext1(T), where T is the dependent variable name for Temperature. One option is to use the General Extrusion coupling operator. However, if we want to use variables from a 2D axisymmetric component in the physics node of a 3D component (i.e., thermal expansion), we need to utilize General Extrusion operators. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. All selected faces must lie in the same plane. Check out our Deep Excavation Model for more information. Extrusion Model Coupling Operator takes a local concentration as an argument at the following boundary and evaluates it at the corresponding point at the leading boundary. One option involves a sweep of the geometry, removing the geometry (excavation) one step at a time. The information provided may be out of date. We want stress in the negative x-direction here. It also provides design assistance and engineering support. Sometimes, we may want to access an integral, average, maximum, or minimum over a source line, surface, or volume. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. We can tag the different sides as 1 and 2, as illustrated in the figure below. Click replace expression and go to solid mechanics, displacement, and choose total displacement. The following types of Extrusion Coupling Operators are available: An example of defining such a rotation matrix is detailed in this previous blog post. How to Extrude, Revolve, and Sweep 2D Geometries in COMSOL - YouTube There are some models. The corresponding normal current density for the Normal Current Density 2 node applied to edge 3 is -Js*(exp((V-genext1(V))/kTbyq)-1). Only the data in the z-expression is mapped. Nonlocal Couplings and Coupling Operators - COMSOL Multiphysics Standard and precision custom aluminum extrusions in 3000 and 6000 series alloys; Complete aluminum extrusion components including your finish requirements. You can learn more about the use of projection operators in this previous blog post. Today, we have discussed how to use General Extrusion operators to create mappings for copying variables from one part of a simulation domain to another. They appear in the Input faces list. Then the naming and differentiation between time and spatial variables is basically a convention issue, the math behind does not really change This site is under development. http://www.comsol.com/model/laser-heating-of-a-silicon-wafer-13835, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics. The periodic velocity field, indicated by the arrows, is solved in one domain and mapped into the others. It is also possible to define the mapping in terms of coordinate systems. This approach, as explained earlier, is limited to cases in which the source and destination are related by affine transformations. This gap means that we cannot connect them via pair-based continuity conditions and we then resort to the General Extrusion coupling to connect the ~2000 disjoint boundaries however with the default settings it fails to find suitable source points across the large gaps one solution is then to go to Advancedand switch the Mesh search method to Closest point- this works, but with one notable drawback: Solution time for our 3M DOF model is now 2233s the factor of 26 in solution time relative to the model without couplings can be costly, if we are to use our model in any kind of auxiliary-/parametric sweep or optimization loop. The model is solved in two steps first, the Laminar Flow physics interface is solved, and then the Transport of Diluted Species interface is solved. Variable: comp1.Disp. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version I have only one small question, if you dont mind, you could maybe write the expressions of the variable disp. Accessing Nonlocal Variables with Linear Extrusion Operators - COMSOL Several cases are illustrated in the table below. BLOG Using the General Extrusion Coupling Operator in COMSOL: Dynamic Probe BLOG Accessing Nonlocal Variables with Linear Extrusion Operators KNOWLEDGE BASE Understanding the Fully Coupled vs. Add a second distribution for the bottom boundary, and enter 2 for the number of elements. In the General Extrusion settings window shown above, the labels under Destination Map and Source read x^iexpression and y^iexpression rather than xexpression and yexpression. At a point P_d in the destination entity, we want to compute a quantity that is a function of another quantity defined at the source entity. Extrusion operators can be used to make couplings between points in the same component or different components. Enter in the equation shown which is the ramp function of the wall deflection, with an added term limiting the expression to occur only when the depth is below the strut. This is exactly why COMSOL Multiphysics allows us to specify implicit relations between source and destination coordinates by using two mappings: the destination map and the source map. The results of the analysis, including the concentration and the mapped velocity field, are depicted below. For clarity, we did not use this trick here. I defined a general extrusion operator, then defined variables such as T_sf = genext1(comp1.T), Y_sf = genext1(Y) and so. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. General Extrusions makes simple and intricate aluminum shapes through both long and short production runs. Note that the operator name is kept to its default: genext1. This time in the x direction and using the second general extrusion operator in the u0 field. For the y-axis data, the expression is y, and for the x axis, the expression is u, with millimeters as units. extrusion coupling error - COMSOL The incident heat flux from the laser is modeled as spatially varying, with time varying coordinates for the location of the incident heat flux. Examples of the General Extrusion Operator - COMSOL Multiphysics "Using the General Extrusion coupling operator in COMSOL: Dynamic probe http://t.co/q6jAnnc5HC" A typical microfluidic device. Extruding Data Along a Direction In the results, how is Point 2 related to the general extrusion? So lets revisit the Advanced settings and switch back Mesh search method to Use Tolerance the defaults is 0.3 which we have seen to fail in this case we have to search across a 0.1m gap, and we have meshed with 0.2m mesh-elements, thus we need, tol=search_distance/element_size=0.1[m]/0.2[m]=0.5. COMSOL provides Model Coupling Operators to implement such a mapping. The company produces standard and custom aluminum extrusions for manufacturers in the appliance, medical equipment, transportation, and automotive markets, among others. Ivar. The Copy Domain mesh feature can copy the mesh exactly, thereby avoiding any interpolation of the flow solution between meshes. Create the ramp function for activating the struts. Please feel free to contact us if you have any questions! Using General Extrusion Operators to Model Periodic Structures - COMSOL Extrude - COMSOL Multiphysics Lets now explore how to use a General Extrusion operator to copy data from a 2D axisymmetric component to a 3D component, such that the source and destination points correspond to the same point in space. For example, if you would rather follow the point on the geometry that corresponds to the focal point of the moving laser, you would enter the time-varying coordinates of the focal point of the laser. For example, you can couple edges (boundaries) in 2D to edges in 3D; or couple 2D domains to 3D faces. Right-click study 1 to compute the model. The extrusion operators constrain the normal displacement between the retaining wall and soil, forcing them to stay in contact. Example 1 In our earlier blog post on Linear Extrusion operators, we considered an affine mapping that pairs up points 1, 4, and 2 in the source domain to points 1, 5, and 3 in the destination domain. Why are all the domains selected? A prescribed displacement is also needed for the wall_soil boundary created earlier. However, in general, we need to write the mathematical expression for the mapping. Right: Temperature mapped from the parabola to the domain. Adding a General Extrusion coupling operator.The green vector field is the transport term used to model the wafer rotation. To model such a situation, we want to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow. In an upcoming blog post, we will walk you through how to use the operator to map cross-sectional data from one or several cross sections onto another cross section for geometries where the cross section dimensions do not change over the length of interest. Next, lets take a look at the settings of the General Extrusion coupling operator. All our employees have been thoroughly trained in Statistical Process Control (SPC), assuring our customers of cost-effective production from extrusion to finishing. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. To explore the use of General Extrusion operators in other types of situations, consult the following blog posts: By providing your email address, you consent to receive emails from COMSOL AB and its affiliates about the COMSOL Blog, and agree that COMSOL may process your information according to its Privacy Policy. Extrusion operators can be used to access the electric potential on the other side of a junction. The model in question is called Laser Heating of a Silicon Wafer, and can be found in the Model Gallery. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Extruding Data Along a Direction The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries. Now that the velocity field is defined throughout the modeling domain, the species concentration at the inlet is defined via the Inflow boundary condition. The parameters J_s, q, k, \textrm{and } T represent the following, respectively: the saturation current density, the electronic charge, Boltzmanns constant, and temperature. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. And when you check the legends box, the plot will automatically be generated. We want a depth ranging from 0 to -26 meters with a step size of two meters. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. I wonder when will you post about Mapping Cross-Sectional Data? Name: genext1 In fact, a shortcut can be made by using the expression genext2(V)-genext1(V) for the voltage difference, regardless of which side it is being applied. I didn't mean to do integration, what i meant is something like: Both source and destination are two-dimensional, as well as the intermediate mesh (srcdim = idim = dstdim). Hi Add a distribution for the wall diaphragm and enter 60 for the number of elements. The velocity field is given by u and v, the fluid velocity in the x and y-directions, respectively. Oftentimes, however, we may not have explicit expressions. Clear the selection and add the middle strut, then change the expression from stage 1 to stage 2 to activate it only when the depth moves below the second strut. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. listed if standards is not an option). Is it possible to "paste" two functions in COMSOL? For such a unit cell model, the walls of the channels are set to the Wall, No Slip condition. Additional settings are shown below. For circular periodicity, a rotation matrix, not a linear shift, must be used in the destination map. General Extrusions is engaged in fabrication, anodizing, and powder coating, as well as aluminum finishing and machining. Ce consentement peut tre retir tout moment. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. (For reference: the model is approx. This approach is also useful in other analyses including structural contact or surface-to-surface radiation in heat transfer. Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries, 2023 by COMSOL. I have a 1D model (time dependent) and a 2D model (stationary). Now that we know how to find the corresponding coordinates of the source point, given any point (x,y) in the destination, we enter the right-hand side of the above equation (without the subscripts) in the destination map of the General Extrusion settings window. You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Digging into COMSOL's Geomechanics Module | COMSOL Blog Lets begin by looking at a microfluidic device, as shown below. Click the player button again to view all the parameter values in succession. All points in the domain with the same distance from the origin copy temperature from the same point on the parabola. Instead, at every destination point, it first evaluates T_d(x_d,y_d) and carries out a mesh search operation to find the point on the source where this evaluation matches T_s(x_s,y_s). I am trying to use the same for droplet evaporation. the setting of the extrusion is shown in the attachment (the .PNG file ). The upper layer soil, the lower layer soil, and the retaining wall. For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. COMSOL Multiphysics will take care of T_s^{-1}(T_d(x_d,y_d)), a necessary step in identifying the source coordinates. listed if standards is not an option). The boundary condition at the top side is illustrated below. general extrusion from 2D geometry to 2D geomtry - comsol.fr We were the first North American aluminum extruder to achieve ISO 9002 Certification. Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. The electric potential on one side of the gap is accessed from the other side by using an extrusion operator in order to compute the current density flowing across the gap. When building the mapping, it is important to ask the following question: Given the coordinates of the destination point, how do we go to the source point? Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. The ramp location is set to be -U_max. The source domain(s) can be the domain(s) on which the destination point(s) are defined. In this example, the operator is used by the Transport of Diluted Species interface to define the velocity field (illustrated below). You can fix this by pressing 'F12' on your keyboard, Selecting 'Document Mode' and choosing 'standards' (or the latest version Mapping of data defined on a cross section (left) around an axis of symmetry and into a volume (right). Using a General Extrusion operator to refer to the electric potential at a point on the other side of the junction. L(x,y) = \int_{o}^{x}\sqrt{1+(y\prime)^2}d\tau = \frac{x}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x}{d})^2}). To implement the normal current boundary condition on side 1, we need access to the electric potential V_2 on side 2. To add a General Extrusion operator, we go to Definitions > Component Couplings > General Extrusion. The flow solution on this unit cell is also plotted, as shown below. Here is an interesting question: How can we easily probe the solution at a point that is moving in time, but associated with a stationary geometry? Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. Now we can add the boundary constraints, including a symmetry on the left, a fixed constraint for the bottom boundary, and a roller for the right boundaries. listed if standards is not an option). For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. Note that while COMSOL employees may participate in the discussion forum, COMSOL software users who are on-subscription should submit their questions via the Support Center for a more comprehensive response from the Technical Support team. Thus, every point in the original domain is mapped along the positive x-direction by the specified displacement. Editing and Repairing Imported Meshes in COMSOL Multiphysics, Exploiting Hardware Parallelism with COMSOL Batch Sweeps, The Graphics Window: Effective and Beautiful Postprocessing, Thank you so much for this article, I was in need of something that shows the mathematical operations of the extrusion coupling. With a voltage terminal at the bottom of the device and ground at the top of the device, the following results are obtained. Now, add a free triangular for the remaining geometry.
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