Encyclopedia. (3) Babylon:Babylon, for which see BABEL; BABYLON. When Ur-Nammu died in battle his son Shulgi succeeded to the throne. The Population 9. ascribes kingship first to the city of Eridu and then in turn to Badtibirra, Larak, Sippar and Shuruppak. Bible Map: Valley of Siddim - Bible Atlas.org Shinar and Its Climate:Whether the country was in the same seemingly uncared-for state in ancient times as at present is unknown; but one cannot help admiring the courage of the original immigrants into such a district, for example, as that of Lagas. Arab tribes, who are in reality Semites, occupy the plains, while Iranians inhabit the cities and dwell at the mountain bases. Accordingly, he proposed that Shinar was in Upper Mesopotamia, but acknowledged that the Bible gives important evidence that it was in the south. A varied lit. Shinar in the Bible Encyclopedia - ISBE (Bible History Online) Comparison with the Semitic Idiom7. Ur First residence of Abraham, near the mouth of the Euphrates, where he was almost a victim of human sacrifice, saw the angel of Jehovah, and received the Urim and Thummim ( Gen. 11:28-12:1; Abr. The most natural site for it is near the mouth of the Wady Kerak, which comes down from Moab into the southern end of the Dead Sea (see ZOAR); and this city was ever afterward spoken of as a Moabite city, which would not have been the case if it had been at the north end of the sea. Isaiah 11:11 It will happen in that day that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros . Another and possibly later viceroy seems to have married Mekubi, daughter of Billama, viceroy of Asnunnak, who, as Elamite princess, erected buildings at Susa. Bible Maps, Timelines, Pictures, Lineages! - Bible Study The Primitive Tongue of Shinar:From the inscriptions it would seem that the primitive language of Shinar was not Semitic, but the agglutinative idiom now named Sumerian-a tongue long regarded as Turanian, and having, it is thought, Turko-Chinese affinities-gal, "to be," Turkish ol-mak; ama (ana), "mother," Turkish ana; abba, "old man," Turkish baba, "father"; (h)e, "house," Turkish ev, etc. Ezekiel 32:24 There is Elam and all her multitude around her grave; all of them slain, fallen by the sword, who are gone down uncircumcised into the lower parts of the earth, who caused their terror in the land of the living, and have borne their shame with those who go down to the pit. Goiim - Encyclopedia of The Bible - Bible Gateway His brother, Shu-Suen (2038-2030 b.c.) Isaiah 22:6 Elam carried his quiver, with chariots of men and horsemen; and Kir uncovered the shield. The winter birds of passage are the pelican, stork, crane, cormorant, sea gull, many species of wild duck, the wild goose, bustard, woodcock, snipe, pigeon, turtledove, and numerous brilliantly colored waders. New American Bible When they were migrating from the east, they came to a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there. The Population:The population is naturally not homogeneous. It has been sought in the Orontes valley, between Antioch and Seleucia, and also at Wady Nahr el-Barid, leading down from Homs to the Mediterranean to the North of Tripoli. e'-lam, e'-lam-its (`elam; Ailam; Jeremiah 49:36. Apparently the Elamite ruler had tried to regain his independence, but failed. Urged by him, Umman-igas forgot the benefits which he had received at the hands of Assur-bani-apli, and sent an army into Babylonia under the command of Undasi, son of Te-umman, telling him to avenge upon Assyria the killing of his father. sid'-im, (`emeq ha-siddim; Septuagint he pharangx (or koilas) he haluke): The place mentioned in Genesis 14:3-8 as being the scene of encounter between Chedorlaomer and his allies with the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar. TU). Elamite Religion 14. It is a non-Sem., agglutinative, inflected and part tonal speech written in the cuneiform script which would seem to have been their invention. Large Map of Israel in the First Century - Click around on the Cities. The principality called Namar was detached from Susian territory and reunited to the domain of Babylonia. Enlil, the god of the air and head of the overall pantheon had his seat at Nippur which thus became the chief cult center. Thus Nanna(r), or Suen the later moon-god Sin, was god of Ur; An, the sky-god at Uruk, Enki(Ea) god of the deep waters and mysteries at the sea port of Eridu. He was evidently one of the great rulers of the land. OpenBible.info Identification2. It is about this time, however, that another power-Assyria-appeared on the scene, and took the field-not only against Babylon, but also on the borders of Elam. The Bible says in Genesis that Nimrod went out of the land of Shinar and migrated north and formed the cities of Nineveh, Rehoboath, and Calah. 2023 26 Apr. After a dispute with Umma had been settled by the intervention of Mesilim of Kish, Lagash became the dominant center. Humba-haldasu II mounted the throne. This is identified with the present `Abu-shahrein, and was the seat of Ea or Enki, god of the sea and of fertilizing streams. king list written c. 2150 b.c. That the district of Arabistan is poor and barren is due to the carelessness and improvidence of the people, who, like the people of the Turkish province of Bagdad, have neglected the ancient irrigation canals which fertilized the land.6. His boss, who he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big project. The Last Week of Jesus' Life. Dungi has left evidences of his conquests in the buildings which he erected at Susa, but the principal buildings of this period were constructed by Ba-sa-Susinak, son of Simbi-ishak, viceroy of Susa and potentate in Elam. Genesis 14:1 It happened in the days of Amraphel, king of Shinar, Arioch, king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer, king of Elam, and Tidal, king of Goiim. On the river banks are to be found willows, tamarisks and many kinds of acacias. In Egyp. Start your free trial today. The Division of the Families Genesis 10 - Inherited Unprofitable Lies Casual English Bible New Testament Atlas. (13) Te-umman and the Elamite See d-royal; Assyria's Triumph.This king, who is described by Assur-bani-apli as being in the likeness of an evil spirit, immediately set to work to secure the death of all the sons of Urtaku and Umman-aldase (Humba-Haldasu II), his brother; and these princes, five in number, with 60 of the royal seed of Elam, fled and sought refuge with the Assyrian king. The Syriac Sen'ar5. The new king of Elam was Umman-Menanu, who espoused the cause of Musezib-Marduk, the new king of Babylon, and gathering a force of Babylonians and Elamites at Halule, fought a battle there, in which the Babylonians record success for the allies. In the Persian version this appears as (H)uwaja or (H)uwazha, whence the modern Huz or Khuzistan. ATS Bible Dictionary Dura The plain in Babylon where Nebuchadnezzar set up his golden image. Possible Babylonian Form of the Name:Though sometimes identified with the Babylonian Sumer, the connection of Shinar with that name is doubtful. Conception and Birth of Jesus. Verse 11:2 states that Shinar enclosed the plain that became the site of the Tower of Babel after the Great Flood. Sumer, which is the name for the area of ancient Iraq S of Baghdad in the eme.-ku dialect (written ki.en.gi[r] ideographically or keir in fine Sumer. Sign up now for the latest news and deals from Bible Gateway! The Principal Cities 10. Briefly, the system may be described as syllabic for the prefixes and suffixes, and ideographic for the roots. In all lists it is the tenth who survives the Flood and all display a longevity which, in the Babylonian accounts with ages of more than 20,000 years each, make the life-span of Methuselah (969 years; Gen 5:27) look insignificant. Apirti and the "Bandit Nations":From the inscriptions of Mal-Amir, to the East, we learn that that was the place of another kingdom called Apirti, the land of the Apharsites of Ezra 4:9. Access 50+ premium resources. Genesis portrays him as allied with three other kings, campaigning against five Canaanite city-states in response to an uprising in the days of Abraham. Genesis 10:10 The beginning of his kingdom was Babel, Erech, Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar.. Ezra 4:9 then wrote Rehum the chancellor, and Shimshai the scribe, and the rest of their companions, the Dinaites, and the Apharsathchites, the Tarpelites, the Apharsites, the Archevites, the Babylonians, the Shushanchites, the Dehaites, the Elamites, Thus this is where Cush or Ethiopia dwelled. In 11:2 Shinar is described as the land of the plain where migrants from the East . Fauna:The fauna is said at present to be less numerous than formerly. In the triumphal procession at Nineveh which took place on the Assyrian army's return, the head of Te-umman and his son Tamritu figured, the former hanging from the neck of Dunanu, king of Gambulu, and the latter from the neck of Samgunu, Dunanu's brother. Fertile Crescent, Nimrod, and Confusion of Language - Human Migration Sorghum remains in the ground all through the dry season, and is watered artificially until October, and cut in November. According to De Morgan, the original population was mainly negritic, and has mingled with the Arab stock to such an extent that mulattoes among them are not rare. It was to all appearance during the 2nd millennium B.C. a.d. Syr. His achitectural activities extended beyond Ur, which he virtually rebuilt, to Uruk, Eridu, and Nippur. Surface Configuration:Elam consisted of a plain occupying a depression in the mountains of Iran or Persia. The image of Nana was restored to its shrine at Erech with great rejoicing. Sumerian has no proven relation to any other language, ancient or modern. Senar denoted the land around Baghdad. Babylon was one of the most powerful and influential kingdoms in the ancient world. [2] In the Book of Genesis 10:10, the beginning of Nimrod 's kingdom is said to have been "Babel [Babylon], and Erech [ Uruk ], and Akkad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar." "Sennaar" redirects here. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. You may unsubscribe from Bible Gateways emails at any time. As Numma or Elam apparently means "height," or the like, these names were probably applied to it on account of its mountainous nature. PDF - 35.98. This, which belongs to the southern region, is very inaccessible on account of the watercourses and marshes. Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. A still stronger argument, however, is drawn from the general topographical and geological conditions. These maps - more than 70 of them-are some of the best of the best New Testament maps we've created so far in the growing library of maps and Bible study. But more details bearing upon this period are needed. In 682 B.C. In various dialects it survives on several thousand clay tablets found during excavations in Babylonia. This location of Shinar is first mentioned in Genesis 10 in relationship to Nimrod and the building of his kingdom. This area if we look at modern-day maps would be in Soudan or Sudan. and the Prot-literate or Early Dynastic period (3100-2800), show a unique people living in major cities. Jeremiah 49:37 I will cause Elam to be dismayed before their enemies, and before those who seek their life; and I will bring evil on them, even my fierce anger, says Yahweh; and I will send the sword after them, until I have consumed them; Jeremiah 49:38 and I will set my throne in Elam, and will destroy from there king and princes, says Yahweh. Isaiah 21:2 A grievous vision is declared to me. %PDF-1.4 Calneh - Wikipedia A fine garment looted by Achan near Jericho was described as coming from Shinar (Josh 7:21, KJV Babylonish). or Taki (?) Not daring to be openly hostile to Assyria, however, he sent his brother Te-umman to intrigue in Chaldea in favor of a man named Nabuusallim, but the Chaldean chiefs answered that Na'id-Marduk, their lord, lived, and they were the servants of the king of Assyria. They are variants of an agglutinative tongue, and are apparently not related to any other known language. the writing was pictographic, the earliest examples being found at Warka (Uruk IV) and neighboring sites, but this soon gave way to a well-developed polysyllabic writing employing more than four hundred different signs. NIMROD. Save 15% for life on BibleGateway+ with code SPRINGSTUDY15. TopicalBible But in recent years a number of eminent authorities have maintained that it was at the northern end of the Dead Sea, in the vicinity of Jericho. The Tower of Babel. Genesis 14:9 against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, and Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. Mount Ararat and Babylon - Bible History (7) Umma:Practically East of Fara lay Umma or Gisuh (or Giuh), now Jokha. Amar-Suen, who died of infection from a foot ailment, was buried in the Royal Cemetery at Ur with his fathers. (8) Elam Again Supreme.Later came the military exploits of Sutruk-Nahhunte, who invaded Babylonia, slew the king Zagaga-sum-iddina, and helped by his son Kutir-Nahhunte, destroyed Sippar, and took away the stele of Naram-Sin, the code of Hammurabi, and several other monuments, which were carefully preserved at Susa. Genesis 11:2 - Bible Hub It is the modern 'Abu-habbah, "father of grain." Writing. Next year (689 B.C.) After the Flood the king list declares that kingship was let down again from heaven, first in Kish. Seventy-eight kings held sway in Kish, Ur, Uruk (Erech), Mari and other named cities. Daniel 1:2 The Lord gave Jehoiakim king of Judah into his hand, with part of the vessels of the house of God; and he carried them into the land of Shinar to the house of his god: and he brought the vessels into the treasure house of his god. dynasty at Babylon took control and for its inhabitants. (15) Upe or Upia (Opis):Upe or Upia, the Greek Opis, apparently obtained renown at a very early date, its kings being given in the great chronological list before those of Kis. The First Nation to Use Writing in Western Asia13. Genesis 11:9 - Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth. A smaller area in the delta of the Selenga River sank during the last century beneath the waters of Lake Baikal. Where Was the Tower of Babel and What Was Its Significance? - Crosswalk.com The positions of the rulers of Elam and Babylonia were now changed, and the kings of Babylon had to acknowledge Elamite suzerainty. Wisdom lit. The Primitive Tongue of Shinar6. It is thought that the Euphrates must have flowed nearer to the city in ancient times, as the Gilgames legend relates that that hero and his companion Enkidu washed their hands in the stream after having killed the divine bull sent by the goddess Ishtar to destroy them. Overtaken by the Assyrian army, he fought with them near his own border, but was defeated and fled. The Sons of Noah Begin Repopulating the Earth Elam's Importance; Her Literature 15. The elephant, wild ass, wild ox and ostrich are no longer to be found on the Chaldeo-Elamite plain, but a few examples of the lion still exist there. The shrine dedicated to Ishtar is apparently now represented by the ruin known as Buwariyya or "reed-mats," and so called on account of the layers of matting at intervals of 4 or 5 ft. It is thought probable that the Elamite king Sadi(?) New American Bible His kingdom originated in Babylon, Erech and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar. Encyclopedia. [4], The name inar occurs eight times in the Hebrew Bible, in which it refers to Babylonia. The great capital of the tract, however, was Susa (Shushan), whence its Greek name of Susiana, interchanging with Elymais, from the Semitic Elam.2. After the flood, God told Noah and his family to go out and fill the entire Earth with people. This is the great temple-tower (ziq-qurat) of the place, called E-gipar-imina, "the house of 7 enclosures." The longest historiographic text is the Curse of Agade which city was seen to have been destroyed by the Guti as punishment for its evil by the gods using international military forces. Copyright 2001 by Crossway Bibles, a publishing ministry of Good News Publishers. Humba-haldasu's two brothers revolted against him and assassinated him, and Urtaku, one of the murderers, took the Elamite throne. Jubilees 10:20 states that the Tower of Babel was built with bitumen from the sea of Shinar. The Languages of Elam:The dialects of Susa, the second Achemenian VSS, and of Apirti, differ but slightly from each other. Because many ancient regions aren't precisely defined, I consulted atlases to determine where the biblical region is located and used that data to build the isobands. Go up, Elam; attack! Start for FREE. Bible Map: Hamath Apparently the Elamites now turned their attention to regaining their military prestige, the result being that an Elamite king occupied the Babylonian throne from 939 to 934 B.C. Geographical Position and Names 2. Bible Map: Dura (Babylon) Isaiah 11:11 It will happen in that day that the Lord will set his hand again the second time to recover the remnant that is left of his people from Assyria, from Egypt, from Pathros, from Cush, from Elam, from Shinar, from Hamath, and from the islands of the sea. Majority Standard Bible And as people journeyed eastward, they found a plain in the land of Shinar and settled there. It was a distant and wicked place (Zech 5:11). Chedorlaomer, also spelled Kedorlaomer (/ k d r l e m r /; Hebrew: , Tiberian: Korl'mer; Vat.), is a king of Elam mentioned in Genesis 14. Professor R.S. AYf]M2/3S(J_dHG],`K .Ea!^oI^^#o+ 7R>@m'9 Sennacherib marched into Babylonia to complete the work, and Musezib-Marduk, having been captured, was sent prisoner to Assyria. includes essays, one, like Job, discussing human suffering. Like the whole of Shinar in general, it is more or less dried up in summer, and unhealthy for Europeans. He seems to have been overthrown by Untahas-Gal, of a more legitimate line, who was likewise a builder of temples. It contains species both of central Asia, Europe, and, to a certain extent, Africa. Jeremiah 49:39 But it shall happen in the latter days, that I will bring back the captivity of Elam, says Yahweh. The extreme length of the site from North to South is over 3,000 yds., and its width about 2,800 yds. Fauna 8. * A portion of the fertile crescent is to the East of the Land of Shinar in the foothills of the Zagros Mountains. In the native sculptures, moreover, the non-Semitic type precedes the Semitic; and in the inscriptions the non-Semitic idiom precedes that of the Semitic tranlation. Oppert places the plain (or, as he calls it, the "valley") of Dura to the southeast of Babylon, in the vicinity of the mound of Dowair or Duair , where was found the pedestal of a huge statue. 1883, 44 Jen ZK ii(1885), 419; Egyptian Sangar (WMM As.u.Eur.279), Tel Amarna anar (Wkl TelAm. The water-courses are full of fish, among them being the barbel, silurus, carp (sometimes of great size), and gurnards similar to those of the Nile. Map Mount Ararat The traditional site where Noah's ark landed ( Gen. 8:4 ). (6) Babylonia Again Supreme.What the history of Elam during this period was remains to be discovered, but Hammurabi, who is identified with the Amraphel of Genesis 14:1, 9, seems to have invaded the country in his 30th year. Ancient Shinar is shown on ancient maps as Sennar. Rivers:From these mountain ranges descend large rivers which flow through Elam to the sea. In the vision of Moses, likewise, we have a very general and condensed description, in which it is said that he was shown "the Plain of the valley of Jericho, the city of palm-trees, unto Zoar," which, as we learn from Genesis 19:22, was not far from the Vale of Siddim. He established his kingdom "in the land of Shinar," including the cities "Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh" (Genesis 10:10), of which only Babel, or Babylon, and Erech, or Uruk, have been identified with certainty. Genesis 11:2 It happened, as they traveled east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they lived there. Kudur-mabuk, son of Simti-Silhak, was at this time adda ("father," probably meaning protector) of Emutbalu and the West-Amurru, the land of the Amorites, whither marched Chedorlaomer and Amraphel, with their allies, in the time of Abraham (Genesis 14). This will not only give an idea of the poetical form of the Sumerian legend of the Creation by Merodach and Aruru, but also show how short and concise, as a language, was the speech of Shinar, before Semitic supremacy.T. Words nearby Shinar shimmer, shimmery, shimmy, Shimonoseki, shin, Shinar, shinbone, shindig, shindy, shine, shiner Nabonassar and his successors seem to have contented themselves with the title "king of Babylon," rule in the city implying also the dominion over the whole country. texts (so W. F. Albright, AJSL XL [1953], 125-127). Though it eventually fell to the Medo-Persian Empire, the emergence of a new Babylon is prophesied in the book of Revelation, a final global empire to . Most texts were in poetic form; among them are long love poems and lamentations. and religion the thought, style and manner of these early inhabitants of Babylonia was transmitted to both contemporary and later civilizations and is of importance as the background of much in Genesis 1-11. What is the significance of Iraq in the Bible? - Christian Answers Early period. This was refused, and war broke out between the two countries immediately after. C. The Sumerian renaissance. The treacherous man deals treacherously, and the destroyer destroys. Sen'ar was therefore in all probability an ancient Babylonian designation of the tract, now lost, but regarded by the Hebrews as synonymous with Babylonia.5. Because many ancient regions aren't precisely defined, I consulted atlases to determine where the biblical region is located and used that data to build the isobands. Mountain Ranges 4. Shinar was the location of Judah's exile. In this way the LXX read Babylonia in Isaiah 11:11 and land of Babylon in Zechariah 5:11. This does not seem to have affected the Mesopotamian belief and practice, whereby the king always thought of himself as the vice-regent and servant of the chief god of his city to whom he was ever responsible for truth and justice. Tablets and Tombs of Late Date:Besides the inscriptions of the kings already mentioned, tablets of the reigns of Nabopolassar, Nebuchadrezzar, Nabonidus, Cyrus, Darius and some of the Seleucids have been found on the site. This is still on the continent of Africa. The two armies faced each other on the banks of the Itite, and after an attack in which the Assyrians were at a disadvantage, the Elamites gave way, and Umman-aldas fled to the mountains. The nomad Lurs of the present day are practically independent of Persia. Climate:The climate is a variable one. Its principal peak is in the Kebir-Kuh (2,500 meters = 8,200 ft.)-a difficult range of surprising regularity. (4) Elam Becomes Predominant 2280 Years B.C.It was probably shortly after this that Kudur-Nahhunte threw off the Semitic yoke, and, invading Babylonia, brought back much spoil to Elam. (11) Ur:To the Southeast of Warka and Senqara lies the site of the ancient UR OF THE CHALDEES (which see) now Mugheir. The northern tract was called Akkad, after the name of its capital city (see ACCAD). (12) Assyrian Friendship and Elamite Ingratitude.Friendship with Assyria was a complete reversal of Elamite policy, and to all appearance peace, though probably unpopular, persisted between the two countries for several years. Apparently the Elamites had expected their new ruler, Kudurru (Kudur-Nahhunte), to save them from the reprisals of the Assyrians, but as he had failed to do this, he, in his turn, was deposed and killed after a reign of 10 months. Despite his efforts to restore the rights of the individual, his people failed to withstand the pressures of Lugalzaggesi of Umma who took over the city and was himself soon thereafter conquered by the powerful Semite, Sargon of Agade who thus brought Sumer. I. The latter is prob. Its most celebrated king, after Gilgames, was Lugal-zaggi-si, one of the opponents of the rulers of Lagas. Bible Map: Erech Biblical names for the southern part of ancient Mesopotamia [Iraq] include Shinar (ancient Sumer ), Chaldea, and Babylon, and for the northern area, Assyria. mind concerned itself with nature, for it was largely an agricultural community with industry confined to a few city centers. (11) Sennacherib against Chaldea and Elam.As Sargon had his attention fully occupied elsewhere, he made no attempt to follow up his success, and it seems not to have been until the reign of Sennacherib that any serious invasion of the country on the part of the Assyrians was made. Their deities, however, always had hair and beard, implying that they came from a different, though possibly related, stock. In 1819 an area of 2,000 square miles about the delta of the Indus sank beneath the level of the sea, so that the tops of the houses were barely seen above the water. After the Flood, the sons of Shem, Ham, and Japheth stayed first in the highlands of Armenia and then migrated to Shinar.[5]. In Jerusalem for Hanukkah. sid'-im, (`emeq ha-siddim; Septuagint he pharangx (or koilas) he haluke): The place mentioned in Genesis 14:3-8 as being the scene of encounter between Chedorlaomer and his allies with the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim and Zoar. The Ab-e-Diz, a river with a greater volume of water, is formed by the uniting of two streams above Dizful. probably took place, according to Scheil, during the reign of Silbina-hamru-Laqamar. The Sumerians Probably in Shinar before the Semites:Though there is no certain indication which race entered Shinar first, it is to be noted that Nimrod, presumably Shinar's first king and the founder of its great cities, was a son of Cush (Genesis 10:8), and the name of Shinar seems to have existed before the foundation of Babel (Babylon) and its tower (Genesis 11:2).
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